BIBLIOGRAPHY
The leading history of 
academic freedom 
, with special
reference to the
United States, is Richard Hofstadter and
Walter P. Metzger, The Development of Academic Freedom
in the United
States (New York, 1955). The principal study
of the tenure
concept in American higher education is by
Clark Byse and Louis
Joughin, Tenure in American Higher
Education
(Ithaca, N.Y., 1959). Louis Joughin, ed., Academic
Freedom and Tenure (Madison, 1967), contains most of the
basic
statements of principles adopted by the American
Association of
University Professors, as well as six important
journal articles on the
subject of academic freedom and
tenure. Policy statements of the
American Civil Liberties
Union on academic freedom and due process are
reprinted
in the American Association of University Professors, Bul-
letin,
42 (1956), 517-29, 655-61, and 48
(1962), 111-15. The
place of academic freedom in American public law is
re-
viewed in a symposium in Law and Contemporary Problems,
28 (1963), 429-671, and in William P. Murphy,
“Educational
Freedom in the Courts,” American
Association of University
Professors,
Bulletin,
49 (1963), 309-27. The philosophy of
academic
freedom is reviewed and evaluated in Russell Kirk,
Academic Freedom ; An Essay in Definition (Chicago,
1955),
and in Robert M. MacIver,
Academic Freedom in
Our Time (New York, 1955). Specific
academic freedom cases
are
reported on in almost every issue of the
Bulletin of the
American Association of University Professors.
DAVID FELLMAN
[See also
Democracy; Economic Theory of Natural
Liberty;
Education;
Freedom; Law, Due Process in;
Loyalty;
Protest
Movements; Religious
Toleration.]
